How to Protect Your Dog from DCM: The Science-Backed Guide

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious heart condition that affects many dogs, weakening their heart muscle and impacting their ability to pump blood. While genetics are widely known to play a major role, there has been growing concern around the potential link between diet and DCM.

In recent years, the FDA has investigated the connection between grain-free diets and DCM, but the evidence remains inconclusive. This article aims to address the myths and facts surrounding diet-related DCM, specifically highlighting the role of certain ingredients, such as legumes and whole grains, and why fresh, plant-based diets may be a safer choice for heart health.

If you’re concerned about your dog’s heart health, this guide will help clear up the confusion and provide actionable steps to keep your furry friend’s heart strong.

#1 - Can Diet-Related DCM Be Reversed?

Yes, in some cases, diet-related DCM can be improved, managed, or even reversed when the underlying nutritional deficiency is identified and corrected. The heart is a highly adaptable organ, and when given the right nutrients, it can regain function if damage is not too advanced.

The Role of Taurine, Carnitine & Essential Nutrients

A key factor in diet-related DCM is taurine deficiency, which has been well-documented in certain cases of DCM, especially in Golden Retrievers and Cocker Spaniels (Kaplan et al., 2018). Taurine is an amino acid that plays a crucial role in heart muscle function. When taurine levels are low, the heart muscle weakens, leading to the dilated (enlarged) and weakened state characteristic of DCM.

Research has demonstrated that supplementing taurine and L-carnitine, along with switching to a more bioavailable, nutrient-rich diet, can lead to significant improvements in heart function and even a reversal of DCM in some dogs (Kittleson et al., 1997). This is particularly true when DCM is caught early, before irreversible heart damage occurs.

A case study published in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine followed a group of Golden Retrievers diagnosed with DCM, many of whom had low plasma taurine levels. After supplementation and a change in diet, several of these dogs showed measurable improvements in cardiac function within months, demonstrating that nutritional DCM can be reversible when properly managed (Ontiveros et al., 2019).

#2 - Why Do Some Dogs Develop Diet-Related DCM?

It is important to clarify that diet-related DCM is not caused by specific ingredients (like legumes or grains), but rather by nutrient deficiencies or bioavailability issues in ultra-processed diets. Several factors may contribute to DCM in diet-related cases, including:

•  Low Taurine Availability – Some ultra-processed diets may not provide adequate taurine or the necessary precursors (methionine and cysteine) for the dog’s body to synthesise it efficiently.

•  Heat Damage from Processing – The extreme heat used in kibble production can degrade amino acids and other essential nutrients, potentially reducing their effectiveness.

• Fiber & Gut Microbiome Interactions – Certain fibers, especially in poorly formulated diets, may alter gut microbiota, affecting how taurine is recycled in the body. Some studies suggest that dietary fiber may contribute to increased taurine loss via bile excretion (Ko et al., 2017).

• Poor Bioavailability in Some Commercial Diets – Some ultra-processed foods may contain synthetic versions of nutrients that are less bioavailable, leading to suboptimal absorption over time.

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#3 - Steps to Reverse Diet-Related DCM

If a dog has been diagnosed with nutritionally induced DCM, taking immediate action is critical:

• Switch to a Fresh, Nutrient-Dense Diet – Transition to a balanced fresh, whole-food diet with proper levels of essential amino acids, including taurine and its precursors (methionine & cysteine).

• Supplement with Taurine & Carnitine – Under veterinary guidance, supplement with taurine and L-carnitine, which support heart function and muscle energy metabolism.

• Monitor Heart Health with Veterinary Support – Echocardiograms and blood taurine level tests should be conducted periodically to track improvement.

• Ensure Optimal Omega-3 Levels – Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA (from algae sources in plant-based diets), have been shown to reduce cardiac inflammation and improve heart function (Calder, 2017).

• Reduce Ultra-Processed Food Intake – Removing or reducing highly processed, synthetic-nutrient-based foods can help improve overall bioavailability of nutrients and reduce inflammation.

Not All Cases of DCM Are Reversible

It’s important to note that not all cases of DCM are diet-related. Some dogs develop genetic DCM, which progresses regardless of diet. However, even in these cases, research in nutrigenomics suggests that proper nutrition can modulate gene expression, helping to slow disease progression and improve quality of life (Ho et al., 2018).

#4 - Diet Can Influence the Development of Genetic DCM in Dogs

While genetics play a key role in DCM, especially in predisposed breeds like Doberman Pinschers, Great Danes, Boxers, and Irish Wolfhounds, emerging research in nutrigenomics (the study of how diet influences gene expression) suggests that nutrition can significantly impact the development and progression of the disease. This means that even in dogs with a genetic predisposition, a properly balanced diet can modulate gene expression, potentially reducing disease severity or even delaying its onset.

• Scientific Evidence: How Diet Modulates Gene Expression in DCM

Recent studies have shown that specific nutrients and dietary components influence genes related to heart function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. By providing a diet rich in bioavailable, whole-food nutrients, dog parents can help reduce risk factors that contribute to the expression of genetic DCM.

• Epigenetic Modulation: Diet Can Influence Gene Activation

Epigenetics refers to how external factors—such as nutrition—can "switch on" or "switch off" certain genes. This means that having a genetic predisposition to DCM does not guarantee the disease will develop; rather, environmental influences like diet and lifestyle play a role in determining if and when the condition manifests.

A study by Ho et al. (2018) demonstrated that dietary factors such as polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants can regulate genes involved in cardiac function, potentially reducing the impact of genetic predisposition to heart disease (Ho et al., 2018).

For example, plant-based polyphenols (found in foods like berries, green leafy vegetables, and turmeric) have been shown to modulate cardiovascular gene expression, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress—both of which are key contributors to heart disease.

• Taurine & Carnitine: Their Role in Cardiac Gene Expression

Taurine and L-carnitine are amino acids that support mitochondrial energy production and cardiac muscle function. Studies on Doberman Pinschers, one of the most high-risk breeds for DCM, have found that taurine and L-carnitine supplementation can alter the expression of genes involved in myocardial energy metabolism, helping to improve heart function (Kittleson et al., 1997).

This suggests that even in genetically predisposed dogs, ensuring adequate taurine and carnitine intake can reduce the risk of developing full-blown DCM.

• Oxidative Stress, Heart Disease & Nutritional Intervention

Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, leading to cell damage. This is one of the main drivers of heart disease progression, including in dogs with genetic DCM.

A study by Li et al. (2020) found that a diet rich in antioxidants (such as vitamins C & E, flavonoids, and plant-based polyphenols) can regulate oxidative stress-related genes, improving cardiovascular health and reducing the severity of DCM symptoms (Li et al., 2020).

Sources of powerful plant-based antioxidants that support heart health include:

• Blueberries, cranberries, and strawberries (rich in polyphenols)

• Dark leafy greens like kale and spinach (high in vitamin C & flavonoids)

• Turmeric and ginger (natural anti-inflammatory compounds)

• Chia seeds and flaxseeds (rich in omega-3s, which support cardiovascular function)

• The Role of Inflammation in DCM & How Diet Helps

Chronic inflammation is a major contributor to heart disease progression, including genetic DCM. Studies have shown that diets high in omega-3 fatty acids (from algae, flaxseeds, or chia seeds) can modulate inflammatory gene expression, reducing inflammation that contributes to cardiac muscle damage (Calder, 2017).

In contrast, diets high in pro-inflammatory processed ingredients (such as highly refined starches and oxidized fats found in ultra-processed kibble) have been linked to increased inflammation and oxidative stress, which may accelerate the progression of DCM in genetically susceptible dogs.

• The Impact of Ultra-Processed Diets on Genetic Expression in DCM

Many commercial ultra-processed dog foods (especially kibble) undergo extreme heat processing, which can degrade essential nutrients like taurine and L-carnitine, making them less bioavailable. Research suggests that these diets may contribute to the development of heart disease in genetically predisposed dogs by:

• Reducing the availability of essential heart-supporting nutrients (due to processing damage)

• Increasing oxidative stress (due to the presence of heat-processed fats and starches)

• Disrupting gut microbiota, which plays a role in taurine metabolism and overall nutrient absorption

In contrast, fresh, whole-food diets have been shown to provide bioavailable nutrients that better support heart health, helping to offset genetic risks.

#5 - The FDA’s Investigation on DCM and Diet: What Dog Parents Need to Know

Since 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been investigating reports of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs consuming certain diets, particularly grain-free kibble containing legumes like peas, lentils, and chickpeas. However, as of their latest update, the FDA has not found any definitive link between specific ingredients and DCM (FDA, 2022). Instead, they emphasize that DCM is a complex, multifactorial disease, and diet alone is unlikely to be the sole cause.

What the FDA Investigation Found So Far

• There is no direct causation between any specific ingredient and DCM.

• Many dogs diagnosed with DCM had normal taurine levels, suggesting other contributing factors.

• Genetics remains the primary risk factor for DCM, particularly in predisposed breeds.

• Processing methods in commercial diets may play a role rather than the ingredients themselves.

• Many cases improved when diets were changed to more bioavailable, nutrient-dense foods.

While the initial reports raised concerns about legumes and grain-free diets, further analysis revealed that not all grain-free diets are associated with DCM, and not all dogs consuming diets with these ingredients developed the disease. Instead, the FDA acknowledged that the issue is likely due to multiple dietary and non-dietary factors rather than the mere presence of legumes or grain-free formulations.

Why Ultra-Processed Diets May Be a Contributing Factor

Rather than blaming specific ingredients like peas or chickpeas, experts are now considering how diet processing methods may impact heart health.

Ultra-processed diets, particularly kibble, undergo high-heat extrusion, which can:

• Reduce taurine and carnitine bioavailability, two key nutrients for heart function.

• Create advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which contribute to inflammation and oxidative stress in the heart.

• Disrupt gut microbiota, affecting taurine metabolism and overall nutrient absorption.

• Use synthetic additives and binders, which may alter how nutrients are utilized by the body.

In contrast, fresh, whole-food diets have been shown to improve heart health in dogs diagnosed with DCM, even in cases where taurine levels were normal (Kaplan et al., 2018).

Properly Formulated Plant-Based Diets Are Not Linked to DCM

One of the biggest misconceptions surrounding the FDA investigation is the belief that plant-based diets contribute to DCM. However, this is not supported by scientific evidence. The FDA has not identified plant-based diets as a risk factor, and well-balanced, properly formulated plant-based diets provide all essential nutrients for canine heart health.

A well-formulated plant-based diet for dogs includes:

• Sufficient taurine and carnitine, either through whole foods or supplementation.

• High-quality, bioavailable protein sources (e.g., soy, lentils, chickpeas, quinoa).

• Essential fatty acids (EPA & DHA) from algae, which support cardiovascular function.

• Antioxidant-rich whole foods, which help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress.

In fact, plant-based diets may even be protective against DCM due to their anti-inflammatory properties and reduced levels of oxidized fats and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are commonly found in ultra-processed animal-based diets.

The FDA’s Final Statement: No Ingredient Has Been Proven to Cause DCM

As of their latest report, the FDA has not issued any recalls related to DCM and has stated that there is no definitive link between specific ingredients and the disease. Instead, they recommend that dog parents focus on feeding a nutritionally balanced diet with high bioavailability, rather than avoiding specific ingredients based on fear-driven misinformation.

Key Takeaways: What Dog Parents Should Do

• Do not fear legumes, whole grains, or plant-based proteins. These ingredients have not been proven to cause DCM.

• Prioritize fresh, whole-food diets over ultra-processed kibble. Nutrient bioavailability matters more than ingredient lists.

• Ensure your dog gets adequate taurine, carnitine, and omega-3 fatty acids. These are crucial for heart health.

• Work with a canine nutritionist or veterinarian to ensure a properly formulated diet.

  
  

By staying informed and focusing on scientifically backed nutrition, dog parents can confidently provide their dogs with a diet that supports long-term heart health and longevity.

To help your dog maintain a healthy heart and overall well-being, explore my personalized nutrition plans for healthy dogs and my personalized for dogs with heart disease. Plus, check out my fresh, plant-based recipes designed to support longevity and vitality. Ready to take action? Click here to get started and create a tailored nutrition plan for your dog today! Have any questions or thoughts? Feel free to leave a comment below – I’d love to hear from you!

BONUS : DCM & Diet in Dogs - A Quick Q&A

❓ Can diet-related DCM in dogs be reversed?

✅ In many cases, diet-related DCM can be reversed by switching to a balanced, nutrient-rich diet with adequate taurine, carnitine, and essential fatty acids.

❓ How to avoid DCM in dogs?

✅ Feed a fresh, whole-food diet with bioavailable nutrients, avoid ultra-processed kibble, and ensure your dog gets enough taurine and heart-supporting nutrients.

❓ Which foods are linked to DCM in dogs?

✅ No specific food has been proven to cause DCM, but ultra-processed diets lacking bioavailable nutrients may contribute to heart disease.

❓ Are chickpeas linked to DCM in dogs?

✅ There is no scientific evidence linking chickpeas to DCM when fed as part of a properly balanced diet.

❓ What breeds are most prone to DCM?

✅ Large and giant breeds like Dobermans, Great Danes, and Boxers have a genetic predisposition, but DCM can also occur in other breeds.

❓ How to reverse DCM in dogs?

✅ Work with a veterinarian or canine nutritionist to transition to a fresh, nutrient-rich diet and supplement with taurine, carnitine, and omega-3s if needed.

❓ Can diet cause DCM in dogs?

✅ Diet alone is unlikely to cause DCM, but nutrient deficiencies, poor bioavailability, and ultra-processed food may increase the risk.

❓ What are the signs of DCM in dogs?

✅ Signs include lethargy, coughing, difficulty breathing, exercise intolerance, and, in severe cases, fainting or heart failure.

❓ How can I reduce my dog’s risk of DCM?

✅ Feed a high-quality, whole-food diet with heart-supporting nutrients, avoid highly processed kibble, and choose bioavailable proteins and amino acids.

❓ Does sweet potato cause DCM in dogs?

✅ No, sweet potatoes are not linked to DCM and are a healthy carbohydrate source when included in a balanced diet.

❓ What ingredient causes DCM?

✅ No single ingredient has been proven to cause DCM; instead, poor diet formulation, processing methods, and nutrient deficiencies are contributing factors.

❓ What is the most common cause of DCM?

✅ Genetic predisposition is the most common cause, but nutritional deficiencies and poor-quality diets can contribute to disease progression.

❓ Does rice cause DCM in dogs?

✅ No, rice does not cause DCM and can be safely included in a well-balanced diet.

❓ What foods cause dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs?

✅ No specific foods have been confirmed to cause DCM, but nutrient-deficient, ultra-processed diets may increase risk.

References

• FDA Update on DCM Investigation (2022)

• Kaplan et al. (2018) - Taurine-Deficient Cardiomyopathy

• Freeman et al. (2018) - Diet and Heart Disease

• Ontiveros et al. (2019) - Dietary Correlations to DCM

• Knight et al. (2022) - Plant-Based Diets for Dogs

• Ho et al. (2018) - Epigenetics and Nutrition in Cardiac Health

• Kittleson et al. (1997) - Taurine, Carnitine & Gene Expression in DCM

• Li et al. (2020) - Oxidative Stress and Gene Regulation in Heart Disease

• Calder (2017) - Omega-3s and Heart Disease Prevention

Disclaimer:

This article is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to replace professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with a qualified veterinarian or canine nutritionist before making changes to your dog’s diet, health routine, or medical care. The author is a certified canine nutritionist and does not claim to diagnose or treat medical conditions.

© 2025 Claire Lucie | All rights reserved.

No part of this article may be reproduced or distributed without written permission from the author.